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Hydroponic gardening is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without using soil. Plants absorb essential mineral nutrients as inorganic ions in water. When the required mineral nutrients are introduced into a plant's water supply artificially, soil is no longer required for the plant to sustain. Almost any terrestrial plant can be grown using this technique. Balcony in an apartment would be a great place for this gardening. You can grow various vegetables and small plants in your balcony like lettuce, tomato, cucumber, chilies, capsicum, herbs, etc.